Tankless Water Heaters

A standard Rinnai tankless water heater

Tankless water heaters are an amazing option for most homes. Instead of having a reserve tank of water, they work by heating the water as it passes through the unit. They are energy efficient since they only heat when in use and they have less of an affinity for collecting sediment, which tends to give them a longer life. They take up less space and some even allow you to control them from your phone. Adjusting the temperature is as simple as pressing a button too, whereas an electric water heater with a tank can be dangerous to open and adjust.

There are a few cons to consider compared to a tank though. During the winter time, when the ground water is colder, your tankless water heater has to do more work to heat water. Where you can expect up to around 11 GPM (gallons per minute) in the summertime with most 199,000 BTU units. During the wintertime however, you can expect to see that drop to about half, at 5.6 GPM. This isn’t necessarily an issue, since most fixtures such as a faucet use around 1.2 GPM and a shower uses around 2.5 GPM, so you should still be fine unless you have many fixtures running hot water at once.

There are solutions for that though. By chaining the tankless units together, the already heated water from the first unit can pass into the 2nd. This would ensure that the 2nd unit always has warmer water to work with from the start. This is generally done in larger residences or even commercial properties where there could be multiple lavatories or kitchens.

A rendering showing 4 tankless water heaters chained together
The inside of a Navien NPE-240A2 with labelled components

Inside a tankless unit

This is a NPE-240A2 model from Navien which is a 199,000 BTU unit capable of delivering up to 11.2 GPM of hot water. As you can see, there is a lot of compact technology rather than a traditional tank heater that holds normally around 40-50 gallons for a residence.

·A: Exhaust vent.

·B: This is a dual venturi system that allows the unit to use either Natural Gas (NG) or Liquid Propane (LP).

·C: The cylindrical shape in the back is the recirculation pump.

·D: These are the heat exchangers that heat the water as it passes through the unit.

·E: The programmable control module.

·F: Gas input.